friþstow

Old English friþ (“peace”) +‎ -stōw (“place”)

friþstōw f : “refuge; sanctuary, asylum

grith

From Middle English grith, griþ, from Late Old English griþ, from Old Norse grið (“domicile, home”), in the plural with a meaning “truce, peace; sanctuary, asylum tranquility, refuge, safety, protection, mercy, leniency … (derived term griðastaður “sanctuary”)”.

útočiště

Czech for “place where an attack is carried out”, and yet … útočiště n : refuge (place).
So perhaps more along the lines of a refuge as a citadel, alamo, fortress, a home for a last stand

sanctuary

From Middle English seyntuarie, from Old French saintuaire, from Late Latin sanctuarium (“a sacred place, a shrine, a private cabinet, in Medieval Latin also temple, church, churchyard, cemetery, right of asylum”), from Latin sanctus (“holy, sacred”); see saint.

Derived terms:
animal sanctuary
gun sanctuary
sanctuary city
sanctuarylike
Second Amendment sanctuary
wildlife sanctuary

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There is more. Haven’t touched the etymonline yet … there needs to be a hushed consideration of the basics, first